Flutter Material 3 Custom Components
1 ) Overview of Material 3 ColorScheme in Flutter
Flutter's Material 3 introduces a comprehensive ColorScheme class that defines a set of 45 colors based on the Material Design specification. These colors help configure the color properties of most UI components in Flutter apps, ensuring consistency and alignment with Material 3 design principles.
2 ) Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Color Roles
Primary colors are used for key UI components such as Floating Action Buttons, prominent buttons, and active states.
Secondary colors cater to less prominent components like filter chips and allow broader color expression.
Tertiary colors provide contrasting accents, useful for balancing the design or drawing attention to elements like input fields. Makers can freely use tertiary colors to enrich their UI palette.
3 ) Fixed and Dim Variants in ColorScheme
Each accent color group has associated “ Fixed” and “ Dim” color roles.
Fixed colors maintain consistent appearance regardless of light or dark theme modes, appropriate for container backgrounds.
Dim variants offer stronger emphasis but with the same consistency across themes.
4 ) Neutrals, Surfaces, and Tone based Colors
The ColorScheme includes neutral colors for backgrounds and surfaces, specific colors for errors, dividers, and shadows. Material 3 replaces the older opacity based surface elevation model with tone based surface colors like surfaceBright, surfaceDim, and multiple surfaceContainer levels to better visualize elevation and depth.
5 ) 'On' Colors for Contrast and Readability
Many main colors have corresponding “on” colors (e.g., onPrimary) designed for content placed on top of their respective background colors. These “on” colors meet contrast ratio standards (minimum 4.5:1 ) to ensure readability and accessibility. Some fixed variant “on” colors offer lower emphasis options where needed.
6 ) Applying Colors in Flutter Widgets and Themes
Colors can be directly applied at the widget level (e.g., setting AppBar.backgroundColor).
For global consistency, themes such as ThemeData.appBarTheme and ThemeData.colorScheme enable centralized control of UI colors across the app.
Using a custom ColorScheme simplifies app wide color management following Material 3 guidelines, with defaults like AppBar.backgroundColor set to ColorScheme.surface to maintain design coherence.
7 ) Conclusion
Flutter’s Material 3 ColorScheme equips developers with rich, versatile color roles and tokens to create visually consistent, accessible, and expressive apps. By leveraging fixed tones, surface variants, and “on” color contrasts within Flutter’s theming system, customized Material 3 components can be efficiently developed to adhere to modern design standards.
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https://justacademy.in/news-detail/choosing-flutter-in-2025:-pros-&-cons
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